NEW YORK (NYT NEWS SERVICE).- Outdoor sculptures provide some of our most accessible encounters with art, and that’s even truer this summer for art viewers who are still hesitant to reenter galleries and museums, and for those seeking a respite of healing and history.

Times critics have already brought to your attention some of the new outdoor additions to the New York cityscape, including David Hammons’ “Day’s End” on the Hudson River, which pays homage to Gordon Matta-Clark’s public sculpture from the ’70s — actually an incision in the wall of a crumbling pier — and more than two dozen projects in Riverside Park, from 64th to 151st Street. And there’s Yayoi Kusama, whose “Cosmic Nature” dots the New York Botanical Garden. Here are others definitely worth a visit.

Melvin Edwards: Brighter Days

Through Nov. 28. City Hall Park, Manhattan; publicartfund.org.

Melvin Edwards came to prominence as a sculptor with his tough, abstract “Lynch Fragments,” begun in 1963. Made with welded-together scraps of metal, the series drew from both African sculpture and European and American modernism, perfectly conveying the awful, violent, twisted nature of its subject matter. “Brighter Days” — located in City Hall Park in lower Manhattan, which is also the site of the 18th-century African Burial Ground, a cemetery where both free and enslaved people were buried — serves as a small survey of Edwards’ larger works. The sculptures in “Brighter Days” are less visceral and more monumental than the “Lynch Fragments,” resembling the abstract, burnished steel sculptures of David Smith. Some, like “Song of the Broken Chains” (2020), elegantly memorialize the enslaved ancestors. Others, like “Ukpo. Edo” from the ’90s refer directly to African precedents. (Ukpo is a dish made in Nigeria with plantains.) Last summer, a few yards from these sculptures, Black Lives Matter activists took over a section of this area, reminding you that the history and struggle Edwards refers to in his sculptures is hardly over.

Guadalupe Maravilla: Planeta Abuelx

Socrates Sculpture Park, 32-01 Vernon Blvd., Long Island City, Queens; 718-956-1819; socratessculpturepark.org.

Trauma and healing are central to Guadalupe Maravilla’s work, and his “Planeta Abuelx” at Socrates Sculpture Park takes both a pragmatic and symbolic approach to addressing these themes. “Planeta Abuelx” expands the idea of Mother Earth to a more intergenerational “Grandparents Planet.” The central object here is “Disease Throwers (#13, #14)” from 2021, a towering, twisting sculpture made of cast aluminum and steel tubing with gongs that serve as a kind of head and belly to the pyramid-shaped work. The work is ringed by a temporary garden of medicinal plants, along with squash, beans and corn — vegetables central to the indigenous diet of the Americas — as well as tobacco and roses. Performances in the form of sound baths turn “Disease Throwers” into an actual (hopefully) therapeutic exercise, rather than a merely symbolic one. For Maravilla, this is all personal: He migrated to this country as an unaccompanied minor during the Salvadoran war of the 1980s and later survived colon cancer. Connecting artists, viewers and the landscape, “Planeta Abuelx” is also easily accessible by NYC Ferry on the East River (a few minutes from the Astoria stop), which costs the same as a ride on the subway. The project is one of the best Socrates has presented in recent years.

Christian Boltanski: Animitas

Through Sept. 5. Noguchi Museum, 9-01 33rd Rd., Long Island City; 718-204-7088; noguchi.org.

Just across the street from Socrates, Paris-born conceptual artist Christian Boltanski has filled the garden of the Noguchi Museum — one of the most beautiful enclosed outdoor spaces in New York — with 180 small bronze bells in his installation “Animitas.” The title refers to the altars that Indigenous natives of Chile put on the side of the roads to honor the dead.

Dangling from the bells are clear Plexiglas strips that turn and glisten in the sunlight. Inside the museum you can see a video titled “Animitas, La Forêt des Murmures” (2016) that documents a permanent version of this work on Teshima Island in an inland sea in Japan. Boltanski grew famous in the ’80s for his blurred and haunting photographs of people, especially children, who died in the Holocaust. (His Ukrainian parents were Holocaust survivors.)




“Animitas” has a similarly elegiac quality. Originally installed in Chile, it subtly honored the “disappeared” under Augusto Pinochet's regime. The Noguchi’s director, Brett Littman, has stressed placing Isamu Noguchi’s own work in conversation with other artists — just as Noguchi did during his lifetime. This project does that beautifully. “Animitas” is also a perfect counterpoint to Maravilla’s more dramatic installation across the street.

Mary Mattingly: Public WaterThrough

Sept. 7, Prospect Park near Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn; moreart.org.

Just inside the Grand Army Plaza entrance to Prospect Park sits a clear geodesic structure, encased in wire mesh and filled with plants, tubes and canisters. Mary Mattingly’s “Public Water” (2020-2021) clearly borrows from the futuristic modern designs of Buckminster Fuller — father of the geodesic dome — and applies these to contemporary environmental issues, particularly water. The current structure houses plants of our region and simulates, on minuscule scale, what happens up in the Croton, Catskill and Delaware watersheds, where New York City’s drinking water originates.

Plants and gravity do the work here, mimicking the purification systems that make our water potable and nourishing. Mattingly is hardly new to thinking about humans and their habitats. This winter and spring, the Brooklyn Public Library hosted an exhibition by Mattingly and artist Dario Robleto that explored “habitable futures on earth.” Similarly, Mattingly’s “The Waterpod Project” (2009) was a vessel that sailed around New York Harbor, setting up a kind of low-impact survival module with a geodesic dome as a central feature. Part of what Mattingly brings to the eco-art conversation is good-looking objects that make you want to participate in salvaging the planet, as opposed to all the seductive objects that wreck it.

Sanford Biggers

Through July 12, 45 Rockefeller Plaza, Manhattan; 212-588-8601; rockefellercenter.com.

Holding down the prominent entrance to Rockefeller Center on Fifth Avenue like a solemn sentry, Sanford Biggers’ giant “Oracle” (2021) is both frightening and serene. The 25-foot-tall bronze work is part of Biggers’ “Chimera” series, which looks at different historical, artistic renditions of the body, myths and power. The sculpture clearly draws from the aesthetics of African masks and great African American sculptors like Augusta Savage, but “Oracle” also fuses African and European sculptural traditions. The figure has languorous, drooping eyelids and holds a torch, like the Statue of Liberty. Around the corner are other works in this campuswide installation by Biggers, including a series of blue flags titled “Seigaiha” (2021), which represents the elements of wind and water. (“Seigaiha” is a traditional wave motif that first appeared in Japanese art in the sixth century.) These are a rather slight gesture compared to “Oracle” — which even comes with a Spotify playlist. Titled “WeAreTheOracle,” the tracks include Sabu Martinez’s upbeat, Afro Cuban jazz piece “The Oracle” and ’70s British funk band Cymande’s “The Message.” Clocking in at nearly 5 1/2 hours, it lets you experience oracular powers long after you have finished viewing Biggers’ monumental sculpture.

Rashid Johnson: Red Stage

Through July 4, Astor Place, Manhattan; creativetime.org.

Rashid Johnson makes monumental sculptures, like one that just appeared in “Grief and Grievance” at the New Museum and consisted of an open-frame shelving structure stuffed with live plants, books, paintings and objects that celebrated African American culture. “Red Stage” at Astor Place is a sculpture with a different approach: It summons participants to take the stage. “This Means You — the Artist, Activist, Rabble-Rouser, Performer, Teacher, Student, Dreamer, Neighbor, and Bystander!” reads the prompt from Creative Time, which commissioned the project.

Thus far, scheduled participants have included Jason Moran, the jazz pianist, as well as students from the Brooklyn School of Music and land acknowledgment ceremonies honoring the Indigenous people who inhabited this region for centuries before colonialism. A Juneteenth celebration of the Emancipation of enslaved Black people had a special lineup, and the July 4 weekend promises the same. That’s when Jewish radical performer Morgan Bassichis takes the stage, sharing it with Palestinian activists, racial justice workers and others who want to reimagine freedom and the modern nation-state. It’s a tall order — but appropriate for a day commemorating the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and encouraging everyone to support other forms of liberty.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.