JOHANNESBURG (AFP).- South African jazz legend Hugh Masekela died on Tuesday aged 78, his family announced, triggering an outpouring of tributes to his music, his long career and his anti-apartheid activism.

"After a protracted and courageous battle with prostate cancer, he passed peacefully in Johannesburg," Masekela's family said in a statement.

It hailed his "activist contribution" to music, which it said "was contained in the minds and memory of millions."

President Jacob Zuma praised Masekela as a "jazz artist, legendary trumpeter, cultural activist and liberation struggle veteran."

"He kept the torch of freedom alive globally fighting apartheid through his music and mobilising international support," Zuma said.

"It is an immeasurable loss to the music industry and to the country at large."

South African singer Johnny Clegg described Masekela as "an outstanding musical pioneer and a robust debater, always holding to his South African roots."

Masekela fled white-ruled South Africa in 1960, and did not return until after the release of Nelson Mandela in 1990.

Among his greatest hits were the beloved anthem "Bring Him Back Home", demanding Mandela's freedom from jail, and "Grazing in the Grass".

Keeping up his international touring schedule into his 70s with energetic shows, his concerts at home often became mass sing-alongs.

A teenaged Masekela was handed his first trumpet -- and later a Louis Armstrong hand-me-down -- through anti-apartheid activist priest Father Trevor Huddlestone.

"I took to it like a fish to water. I was a natural," he recalled.

'Music captured my soul'
He spent his early years in a conservative small town east of Johannesburg, surrounded by coal mines that relied on cheap black labour.

"It was in those days in Witbank that music first captured my soul, forced me to recognise its power," he wrote in his candid autobiography "Still Grazing".

Growing up under the worst of apartheid's racial laws that classified blacks as second-class citizens, Masekela was desperate to leave the country that he described as cursed.

"When the airplane finally took off, it was as though a very heavy weight had been taken off me -- as if I had been painfully constipated for 21 years," he said of his flight to London.

Despite his long exile, the aching pain of a country ripped apart by skin colour never left his music.

Masekela moved on to New York to study at the Manhattan School of Music and fell into a fast-paced life alongside fellow South African legend Miriam Makeba and giants of music like Dizzy Gillespie and Harry Belafonte.

Masekela and Makeba were briefly married in the 1960s, and later continued to collaborate.

His first No. 1 was the 1968 breezy single "Grazing in the Grass" which topped the US charts while he was living in Los Angeles and hanging out with stars like Jimi Hendrix and Marvin Gaye.

Personal struggles
He later returned Africa, where he played with icons like Nigeria's Fela Kuti, and in 1974 helped organise a three-day festival ahead of the "Rumble in the Jungle" boxing clash in Zaire (the Democratic Republic of Congo) between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman.

In the 1980s, he built a mobile recording studio in Botswana where he lived for several years, toured with Paul Simon of "Graceland" fame and helped with the score for the hit musical "Sarafina!"

A charismatic horn blower and vocalist, Masekela's songs ranged from the haunting "Stimela" about trains taking black workers to South Africa's mines, to the cheeky energy of "Thanayi" about a large woman's struggle with food.

But his life was also filled with excess -- women, alcohol and drugs -- with which he struggled from his youth.

"I was drunk on money -- when I could find it -- drugs, which were never hard to find, love, lust and music, and in no hurry to sober up," he wrote.

Affectionately known as "Bra Hugh" -- South African slang for "brother" or "mate" -- Masekela finally returned home after the release of Mandela, who telephoned him while he was in New York.

Arts Minister Nathi Mthethwa said Tuesday that "the nation has lost a one-of-a-kind musician."

"He uplifted the soul of our nation through his timeless music."


© Agence France-Presse