ALBANY, NY.- A newly published scientific paper is revealing groundbreaking insights into a rare fossil from the Silurian Period, estimated to be around 420 million years old. Part of the New York State Museum’s collection, this specimen of Naraoia bertiensis is one of only two known fossils of its kind ever discovered from this era.

The paper, titled “Novel evidence for the youngest Naraoia and a reassessment of naraoiid paleobiogeography,” was co-authored by New York State Paleontologist Dr. Lisa Amati, alongside lead author Dr. Russell Bicknell of the American Museum of Natural History, Ph.D. candidate Aaron Goodman, and Czech paleontologist Dr. Lukas Laibl.

Naraoia were small, soft-bodied arthropods that lived on the sea floor. When this creature roamed the Earth, present-day New York was located south of the equator and partially submerged under a shallow tropical sea. Due to their soft, flexible exoskeletons, Naraoia fossils could only form under exceptional preservation conditions, making discoveries like this exceedingly rare. The specimen in the Museum’s collection was found on private property near Herkimer, N.Y., though the exact date of its discovery is unknown.

The research suggests that Naraoia species, once widespread in tropical and open marine environments during the Cambrian Period, saw a notable decline in population in the periods that followed. This fossil provides important new data about the species’ geographic range and environmental conditions during the Silurian.

Dr. Amati said, “This fossil is extraordinarily rare—studies show that only about 20% of organisms in an ecosystem are typically preserved under normal conditions. Research on specimens like this is vital not only to understanding New York’s natural history, but also the broader evolution of ecosystems over hundreds of millions of years. I’m grateful for Dr. Bicknell’s interest in this fossil and look forward to continued collaboration.”

Michael Mastroianni, Interim Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Education said, “This research is a prime example of the exciting work being done by our scientists behind the scenes at the Museum every day. The fossil—an exceptionally rare and well-preserved specimen, one of only two known—offers unique insights into ancient life. It’s a powerful reminder of how our collections continue to support groundbreaking work in paleontology.”

The paper, which was published in April 2025, can be found on Fossil Record’s website.