SAN DIEGO, CA.- The Timken Museum of Art takes a courageous stance as it begins 2017 with a powerfully evocative exhibit: ‘Witness to War: Callot, Goya, Bellows’ depicting searing and historic images from the 17th to the 20th centuries that includes the Thirty Years’ War, Napoleonic Wars and World War I. The Timken exhibit runs January 27 through May 28. “This dramatic and compelling collection, presented in partnership with the University San Diego and the San Diego Museum of Art, includes more than 100 works of art comprised of etchings and lithographs,” states Megan Pogue, Timken Executive Director. “We will be cataloguing the brutality and fatal consequences of war in a stark, confrontational and unflinching manner.”

The Meaning of it All
Widely appreciated as powerful creative statements about the inhumanity of war, and rarely seen as a group, this exhibition includes The Miseries of War, a series of 18 etchings by French Baroque artist Jacques Callot, which recalls the actions of the army that Cardinal Richelieu sent in 1633 to occupy Callot's native Lorraine, annexing it to France. The exhibition also includes the entire series of the Disasters of War, 80 prints by Francisco Goya, which stand out as one of the most famous visual protests against violence in all of art history. Specifically, The Disasters of War documents the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising, the subsequent Peninsula War, and the setbacks to liberal causes following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in Spain. Finally, the Witness to War includes 11 of the 15 original lithographs from the Tragedies of War, a series of made by the American artist, George W. Bellows depicting the atrocities surrounding the invasion of Belgium during World War I.

At its heart, Witness to War offers three separate interpretations of the brutal violence that is the essence of war itself. While the subject matter of each etching and lithograph in the exhibition can be both difficult and compelling, the many tragic scenes of suffering elicit empathy and compassion for the victims. Witness to War underscores the way that art speaks in different voices to different generations and transcends the particularities, uniqueness and similarities of each war. According to Derrick R. Cartwright, Curatorial Director of the Timken, “this exhibition provides a rare opportunity to survey some of the most unforgettable and original graphic works ever produced. While the content is difficult, the issues raised by these three very different artists are timeless.”

Artists and insight
Jacques Callot (French; 1592 – 1635): The Miseries of War published in 1633, is Callot's bestknown work and has been called the first "anti-war statement" in European art. The Miseries of War depict the destruction unleashed on civilians during the Thirty Years' War. No specific campaign is depicted, but the set as a whole evokes the actions of the army sent in 1633 to occupy Callot's native Lorraine, before annexing it to France.

Francisco Goya (Spanish; 1746-1828): Disasters of War (1810-1820) is comprised of 80 images that were essentially unseen during Goya’s lifetime. This posthumously published series depicts the violence of the Napoleonic occupation of Spain during the Peninsular War. Goya rejected the heroics of most previous Spanish war art to show the effect of conflict on individuals and abandoned color in favor of a more direct truth he found in black and white etchings.

George W. Bellows (American; 1882-1925): It is not clear why Bellows chose to depict the atrocities in Belgium four years after the fact, but in a preface to an exhibition of some of the lithographs shown in November 1918, he wrote: “In presenting these pictures of the tragedies of war, I wish to disclaim any intention of attacking a race or a people. Guilt is personal, not racial. Against that guilty clique and all its tools, who let loose upon innocence every diabolical device and insane instinct, my hatred goes forth, together with my profound reverence for the victims.”