MADRID.- The National Archaeological Museum is displaying to the public the meticulously restored Egyptian coffin of a priestess and musician of Amun, dating back to 1069 - 945 B.C. This remarkable exhibit marks the first time the coffin has been showcased in nearly 120 years, following an extensive seven-month restoration process.

The restoration was made possible through a partnership between the Friends Association of the National Archaeological Museum (AMAN) and the Iberdrola Spain Foundation. This collaboration ensured the preservation and enhancement of the 3,000-year-old sycamore wood coffin from the 21st Dynasty, allowing visitors to appreciate its historical significance and intricate craftsmanship.

Housed in Room 35 of the museum, the exhibition invites visitors to explore the rich decorations and symbolic artistry of the coffin. Measuring over two meters in length and 86 centimeters in height, the coffin features elaborate pictorial designs. The exterior depicts the deceased making incense offerings to the four sons of the god Horus, accompanied by an inscription listing their names. Inside, the goddess Nephthys is portrayed welcoming the priestess on her journey to the afterlife, offering a poignant glimpse into ancient Egyptian beliefs and rituals.

For many years, it was believed that the coffin belonged to a priestess named “Ruru.” However, recent studies suggest that while her exact name remains unknown, she is referred to as “beloved in the mouth of Amun, Mer(t) – Ra – Amun.” This discovery adds a layer of mystery and intrigue to the artifact, highlighting the roles women played in the religious and cultural life of ancient Egypt.

The coffin was originally discovered in 1891 within the hidden chambers of Bab el-Gasus, alongside the mummies of priests and priestesses from the Amun temple in Thebes (modern-day Luxor). The Egyptian government donated the coffin to Spain in 1893, and it was subsequently housed in the National Archaeological Museum in 1895. Although it was first exhibited in 1905, the coffin had remained in storage until its recent restoration and unveiling.

Restoration Efforts

The restoration process addressed significant wear and damage caused by time and environmental factors. The wooden structure and vibrant polychromy had suffered deterioration, threatening the coffin’s integrity. Conservation experts meticulously removed layers of dirt, old paint, non-original varnishes, and remnants of previous restorations. Preserving the original pigments was a top priority, ensuring that the coffin’s intricate designs remain vivid and true to their original appearance.

Advanced techniques were employed during restoration, including the creation of detailed 3D digital models. These models will soon be available to the public on the museum’s Sketchfab channel, providing an interactive way to explore the coffin’s features up close.

A Glimpse into Ancient Egyptian Society

The coffin not only showcases exceptional artistry but also offers insights into the social and religious structures of ancient Egypt. The priesthood was a vital social class associated with temple activities, with the high priest, appointed by the pharaoh, holding the highest authority. Women in the priesthood, particularly those serving as musicians of Amun, held significant roles. These priestesses sang, played instruments, and danced during temple ceremonies, bridging the divine and the mortal through their performances.

The musicians of Amun were highly respected, often attaining substantial social prestige and financial stability. Their contributions were essential to the worship practices in temples like Karnak, where Amun was a central deity, especially during the New Kingdom period.

Ancient Egypt’s Legacy at the Museum

The display of this restored coffin underscores the National Archaeological Museum’s commitment to preserving and sharing Egypt’s rich heritage. The exhibition not only highlights the artistry and craftsmanship of ancient Egyptian funerary practices but also celebrates the enduring legacy of the individuals who played crucial roles in their society’s religious and cultural life.

Visitors to the museum can now witness firsthand the beauty and complexity of ancient Egyptian artifacts, gaining a deeper understanding of the civilization that has fascinated scholars and enthusiasts for centuries. The restored coffin of Amun’s priestess and musician stands as a testament to the enduring human spirit and the timeless quest to honor and remember those who came before us.