NEW YORK, NY.- A first edition of one of the most influential books in Western medicine, De humani corporis fabrica (On the fabric of the human body) by the Flemish physician Andreas Vesalius, is the highlight of Bonhams sale of the Medical and Scientific Library of W. Bruce Fye in New York on Monday, March 11. It is estimated at $300,000-500,000.

Vesalius (1514-1564) was only 28, and a Professor at Padua University, when he published De humani corporis fabrica. It transformed the science of anatomy and the way it was taught, by applying the critical methods used by humanists.

Specifically, Vesalius:

• provided a fuller and more detailed description of the human anatomy than any of his predecessors

• corrected errors in the traditional anatomy teaching of Galen (the 2nd century Greek physician regarded as the father of medicine, and a major influence on Vesalius)

• asserted that the dissection of cadavers should be performed by physicians themselves

The book was published in Basel in 1543, with more than 600 pages of text and beautifully detailed engravings by artists from the workshop of Titian. It was originally owned by Vesalius’s great friend, the German physician Achilles Gasser.

Bonhams Director of Books and Manuscripts in New York, Ian Ehling, said: “De humani corporis fabrica is the cornerstone of the science of anatomy, and changed the way we looked at the world. The book itself, with its blend of scientific exposition, art and typography, is a pleasure to look at and hold, and the association with Achilles Gasser makes it even more desirable. I expect great interest from collectors and institutions.”

The sale of the Medical and Scientific Library of W. Bruce Fye comprises about 400 lots divided into four sections: Classics of Medicine; Johns Hopkins and the First Faculty; Early Medical Photography and Books and Manuscripts by important cardiologists. A further 400 lots will be sold in an online sale starting on March 12.

Highlights from the collection include:

• A letter signed by William Harvey (1578-1657), the royal physician to Charles I (estimate: $25,000-35,000)

• A very rare autograph manuscript of William Osler (1849-1919), a commentary on the remarkable knowledge of tuberculosis and its contagiousness (estimate: $6,000-8,000)

• First edition of Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen's (1845-1923) first original communication of the discovery of the x-ray (estimate: $6,000-8,000)

• An autograph letter signed by Edward Jenner (1749-1823) to an unidentified correspondent expressing pleasure for a patient's seeking a second opinion (estimate: $3,000-5,000)

Andreas Vesalius was born, Andries van Wesel, in Brussels in 1514. (In keeping with scholarly practice, he was known by his Latinized name). He studied medicine in Leuven, Paris, Venice and Padua where he became professor of surgery and anatomy in 1537. Following the success of De humani corporis fabrica, he was appointed physician to the Holy Roman Emperor. He died in 1564, at the age of 49 on the island of Zakynthos, while returning from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

W. Bruce Fye is a retired cardiologist. A well-known medical historian and prolific author, he is past-president of the American College of Cardiology, the American Association for the History of Medicine, and the American Osler Society. A significant donation from his vast collection of medical books greatly enhanced the historical collection at the Mayo Clinic. As a result of Fye's philanthropy, the Mayo Clinic named its History of Medicine Library and Center for the History of Medicine in Rochester, Minnesota, after him. The books in the sale are from his private collection, which was assembled over the past half century.