NEW YORK, NY.- Bestselling author Elizabeth Gilbert on Monday said she had indefinitely delayed the publication of her upcoming book after she was criticized online for writing a novel set in Russia.

The move comes as publishers and institutions struggle with how to handle Russian art and literature as the war in Ukraine rages on. The uproar that drove Gilbert’s decision to pull her novel, which is set in 20th century Siberia, suggests that the debate has broadened to include the question of how the country should be represented in fiction.

“I have received an enormous, massive outpouring of reactions and responses from my Ukrainian readers,” Gilbert said in a video posted on Instagram, “expressing anger, sorrow, disappointment and pain about the fact that I would choose to release a book into the world right now — any book, no matter what the subject of it is — that is set in Russia.”

She added: “It is not the time for this book to be published. And I do not want to add any harm to a group of people who have already experienced and who are continuing to experience grievous and extreme harm.”

The publication of the book, “The Snow Forest,” was announced last week and had been scheduled for Feb. 13, shortly before the second anniversary of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The novel follows a Russian family that has removed themselves from society in the 1930s to try to resist the Soviet government.

By Monday, the book had amassed hundreds of one-star reviews on the website Goodreads, with commenters on that website and on Instagram condemning the book’s Russian setting and characters. But when Gilbert announced her decision to pull the book, many in the literary world responded with bafflement and alarm at what they perceived as self-censorship.

“So apparently,” writer Rebecca Makkai wrote on Twitter, “Wherever you set your novel, you’d better hope to hell that by publication date (usually about a year after you turned it in) that place isn’t up to bad things, or you are personally complicit in them.”

Gilbert is a bestselling and acclaimed author whose memoir, “Eat, Pray, Love,” has sold millions of copies worldwide and been adapted into a movie staring Julia Roberts and Javier Bardem. A representative for Gilbert’s publisher, Riverhead Books, said Gilbert had no further comment. She also confirmed that the novel is being delayed indefinitely and that no decision has been made about whether it will be revised.

Since the start of the war in Ukraine, arts institutions have sought to distance themselves from Russian artists and writers — in some cases, even from dissidents. In May, during PEN America’s World Voices Festival, participating Ukrainian writers objected to a panel featuring Russian writers, leading to a disagreement about how to proceed and the cancellation of the panel. (Both of the Russian writers on the canceled panel — journalist Ilia Veniavkin and novelist Anna Nemzer — had left Russia shortly after the invasion of Ukraine.)

Last year, the Metropolitan Opera in New York cut ties with superstar Russian soprano Anna Netrebko, who had previously expressed support for Russian President Vladimir Putin. Russian pianist Alexander Malofeev, who denounced the invasion, had his concert tour in Canada canceled last year. The Bolshoi Ballet lost touring engagements in Madrid and London.




Still, even with the ongoing public pressure that institutions face to steer clear of Russian artists and artworks, it is striking that an American author is facing a backlash for setting a novel in historical Russia.

Other recent and forthcoming novels set in Russia or featuring Russian characters seem to have, so far, escaped similar scrutiny or calls for cancellation. Paul Goldberg’s new novel, “The Dissident,” which centers on a group of Soviet dissidents in Moscow in the 1970s, received an enthusiastic review this month in The Washington Post, which “praised the novel’s fervor, black humor and an infectious zest for Russian culture.” In October, Other Press is releasing “Wizard of the Kremlin,” a novel in translation by Italian and Swiss writer Giuliano da Empoli that features a fictionalized Putin.

And Russia has long been a popular backdrop for thrillers and spy fiction, although in those genres, Russians are frequently cast as villains. Later this year, Simon & Schuster plans to publish Anna Pitoniak’s novel “The Helsinki Affair,” a thriller about a CIA officer who gets a tip from a Russian defector about a planned assassination and uncovers a conspiracy.

Reactions to Gilbert’s decision were mixed at first, with some applauding her sensitivity to an ongoing international crisis and many others expressing concern about the consequences of pressuring novelists to avoid certain subjects and settings.

By early afternoon Monday, a backlash to the backlash had escalated on social media, with many slamming Gilbert’s critics, and others chiding Gilbert herself for succumbing to pressure.

The episode also sparked renewed criticism of Goodreads, which allows users to leave reviews of books long before their publication date, without having read the book, and has sometimes served as a springboard for online campaigns against authors.

Some literary and free speech organizations saw the controversy over the novel — the latest example of how a social media pile-on can derail a book its publication — as a cautionary tale.

Mary Rasenberger, CEO of The Authors Guild, said the organization supports Gilbert’s right to make decisions about her book’s publication date, but also expressed alarm about how authors increasingly feel vulnerable to online pressure campaigns.

“We don’t think authors should ever be pressured not to publish their books,” said Rasenberger. “The more complicated issue of the era is that authors are being told they can’t write about certain subjects.”

Other organizations warned that the criticism of the novel and Gilbert’s response to it set an unnerving precedent, and they urged her to release her novel as originally planned.

“The publication of a novel set in Russia should not be cast as an act exacerbating oppression,” PEN America CEO Suzanne Nossel said in a statement. “The choice of whether to read Gilbert’s book lies with readers themselves, and those who are troubled by it must be free to voice their views.”

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.