NEW YORK, NY.- A Turkish court on Monday convicted a prominent Turkish philanthropist of trying to violently overthrow the government of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and sentenced him to life in prison without parole, in a case that has been denounced by human rights organizations and has heightened tensions with the West.

In a crowded and stuffy Istanbul courtroom the man, Osman Kavala, a well-known activist, was convicted on charges related to popular protests in 2013 against Erdogan, which the president still sees as among the most significant challenges to his power.

The court also sentenced seven other defendants to 18 years in prison for aiding in an attempt to overthrow the government and ordered them to be immediately arrested. Among the seven is Mucella Yapici, a well known architect and urban rights activist.

The verdict caused an uproar and tears in the courtroom among the defendants’ family members and friends.

“We will keep resilient,” said Tayfun Kahraman, an urban planner who is among the seven defendants. “We will win in the end.” His words prompted the crowd to chant “We will win.”

The defendants were allowed to bid farewell to loved ones, but they were not allowed to leave the courtroom.

“I feel furious by the court’s decision, and the climate we are living in,” said Cansu Yapici, the daughter of Mucella Yapici. “This verdict has nothing to do with law.”

The case, which involved more than a dozen individuals, was among the most high-profile in the president’s wider crackdown on the opposition after a coup attempt six years ago. The defendants can appeal.

“Today, we have witnessed a travesty of justice of spectacular proportions,” said Nils Muižnieks, Amnesty International’s Europe director in a written statement.

Kavala and other defendants were charged and later acquitted, but were put on trial again despite the absence of new evidence, according to their lawyers. Prosecutors said Kavala orchestrated and financed the protests with money from billionaire investor George Soros.

Erdogan has also said Kavala financed “terrorists” and participated in the 2016 coup attempt. Kavala has denied all of the charges.

The aggravated life sentence cannot be explained on legal grounds, Kavala told the court in his final remarks, before the verdict was announced. “It is an assassination by the use of the judiciary,” he said.




Nine other defendants were charged, but the court declined to issue verdicts against them because they were not in custody. One of them, Henri Barkey, an American academic, is accused of being in touch with Kavala at the time of the failed coup, an event Barkey has denied any involvement in.

A panel of three judges issued the verdict on a majority vote, with one judge voting in favor of acquitting of all defendants and releasing Kavala.

A 64-year-old businessman, Kavala is a well-known figure in Turkey’s civil society. Among his more prominent work to cultivate the intellectual and civil rights landscape of Turkey was the foundation of Anadolu Kultur, an organization that aims to provide wider access to the artistic and cultural heritage of ethnic and religious minority groups.

The refusal to release Kavala and the decision to renew his prosecution prompted the Council of Europe, the continent’s main institution governing human rights, to officially begin infringement proceedings against Turkey in February.

Turkey, a member of the council since 1950, is obligated to accept the authority of the European Court of Human Rights, which ruled that Kavala was being held unlawfully. Infringement is a rare action that could lead to Turkey’s suspension from the council, which oversees the court.

Turkey has said that the Council of Europe process was “prejudiced and politically motivated.” Legal professionals have said that many of the judges in Turkey are fearful of running afoul of the government after widespread post-coup purges.

The government’s pursuit of Kavala and the other defendants, appeared to be motivated by their civil society work. All the convicted individuals were members of groups who were involved in Taksim Solidarity, a group campaigning to protect a small park named Gezi, which was at the heart of 2013 protests.

Yapici, for instance, was among the leading figures of Taksim Solidarity and has been one of the most vocal critics of the construction boom that Erdogan’s party has relied on to fuel economic growth during the past decade.

Erdogan’s rule has become increasingly authoritarian since the failed but deadly coup in 2016. Thousands of people have been arrested, many more were removed from their public jobs, and others felt they had no choice but to leave the country before they were caught up in the president’s dragnet.

Erdogan pushed through a constitutional referendum in 2017 that cemented some of his expanded authority, establishing a type of presidential system that gave him sweeping powers.

For the president, the 2013 protests have come to represent one in of a series of serious challenges to his leadership. He continues to degrade the demonstrations, which he regards as a foreign-inspired coup attempt against him.

Publicly known as the Gezi protests after the park they were intended to save, the demonstrations quickly spread to almost the entire country, drawing mostly young people from various backgrounds. Erdogan wanted to turn the park, in the heart of Istanbul, into a shopping mall, but the project has since been shelved.

In his eyes, local groups instigated by foreign entities continued to try to undermine him after the park protests, pushing for anti-corruption raids against his allies later that year that eventually led to the coup attempt in July 2016.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.